Types Of Earthing Systems
Last post i already discuss about Earthing system classification.I mention earthing system have a several types such as TT,IT,TN-C,TN-S and TN-C-S.This time i want explain detail about type of earthing systems.
Earthing system is designed followed by electrical system required and the application.It have different earthing system for each electrical application such as consumer power supply,substation,offshore,ships,underground system,generator and over head system.We must know the suitable earthing types to ensure our system is fully protected and safety.
I explains detail about all of five ( 5 ) earthing system types below.I hope it can help to understand about earthing system.
TT system
This system normally used for consumer power supply.No earthing system provided by power distributor.The owner must install the earthing protection by their own connection to the earth.They must installing a suitable electrode and safe arrangement for which they are responsibility to their installation.
The neutral and earthing conductor must be separately through the installation because power distributor only provide the supply neutral or protective conductor for the connection to consumer.
The advantage of this system is it clear from the noise of high or low frequency,not have risk of neutral broken or failure and suitable for special application like telecommunication.TT system is suitable for premises where all AC power circuits are residual current device (RCD) protected.
IT system
This system is similar with TT system but totally different in earthing supply.The distributor system not have any connection to earth or it have only a high impedance connection.It mean the usual protection is not effective for this system.
This type is not for consumer power supply.It special for power distributor such as substation or generator area.
TN-S system
This system has the neutral of power supply with connection of earth only at one point to the source.the consumer’s earthing terminal is usually connected to the metallic Armour of the distributor’s cable into the HV / LV transformer.
It is commonly used for underground power supply to the premise or factory from the distributor substation to customer substation.This earth terminal is connected by the supply protective conductor (PE) back to the star point (neutral) of the secondary winding of the supply transformer, which is also connected at that point to an earth electrode.
TN-C-S system
This system has the supply neutral conductor of a distribution main connected with earth at source as protective multiple earthing (PME).The supply distributor neutral conductor is also used to return earth fault currents from the consumer installation back to the source with a safely manner.
The power supply distributor will provide a consumer’s earthing terminal which is linked to the incoming neutral conductor.This combined earth and neutral system called the ‘protective and neutral conductor’ (PEN) or the ‘combined neutral and earth’ conductor (CNE).
TN-C system
This system is not familiar or unusual for earthing system.It a combined PEN conductor fulfills the functions of both a PE and an N conductor.The PEN conductor is the sheath of a cable and therefore is concentric with (totally surrounds) the phase conductor(s).
For wiring or cabling purpose,the suitable material is uses mineral insulated cable, the metallic copper sheath being the combined neutral and earth conductor.Normally this system used for ships or offshore platform earthing system.RCD protected is not function properly for this system.
Topic is very beautiful and important information in it, God bless you from all harm, thank you very much
Thanks bro..glad to shared the knowledge :D
i’m going to make a project on earthing…
iam wire man from sent joseph training center i need job.my contact
0716470616.
thank u sir i am trying lo learn about electrical motor wiring by ur drawings thank u so much sir.
Good technical practical information, for day to day works
Thanks